This difference is illustrated in my book by comparing modern films to traditional thick-emulsion films: Adox, Rollei (Maco) and Foma. A thin emulsion film is sharper, but thick emulsion films retain texture and separation of tones in highlights and shadows. But nowadays most films have thin emulsions (e.g. In the past when silver was cheaper, thick-emulsion films (e.g. One factor in tone reproduction is the thickness of the film emulsion. Using shorter (wide-angle) lenses with fast shutter speeds reduces the need for a tripod, but micro-vibrations from hand-holding the camera may still detract from lens performance. However, to get the sharper pictures from an expensive mini-format lens, you should still use a tripod. To compensate for the loss of tone reproduction in the 35mm format, sharper lenses were made for the smaller film cameras. The 35mm mini-format was developed for convenience, not for quality. But large film requires large cameras, longer lenses, smaller apertures, and hence usually a tripod. The larger the film, the better the reproduction of tones. Originally film was made in much larger formats. The 35mm format (24x36mm negatives or slides) is a relatively recent invention.
Adox camera iso#
ISO 100: best tone reproduction and compromise between speed and grain. ISO 400 film: grainy and lower resolution, useful when wide apertures and/or tripod not available ISO 20-50 film: fine grain and high resolution, but wide apertures and/or slow shutter speeds needed so tripod recommended A compromise between resolution and tone reproduction is a film with small and medium-sized crystals (ISO 100). Although the slowest films offer the highest resolving power, tone reproduction is better with different size crystals. Hence, fast (sensitive) films (ISO 400) for low light or moving subjects are lower in resolution than slow films (ISO 20-50). Larger crystals make film more sensitive to dim light, but large clusters of silver (“grain”) interfere with reproduction of fine detail.
In the finest grain film for scientific purposes the crystals are so small they can’t even be seen through an optical microscope – only an electron microscope. Film consists of microscopic silver halide crystals randomly suspended in gelatine, which is coated on the film base (e.g. Each combination of black and white film and developer offers different effects, so your choice depends on what you want to photograph, and how much effort and expense you are willing to invest.
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